Across
- Bacon’s category of false notions that includes common fallacies of all human nature, derived from the fact that we trust, wrongly, in our senses
- method of reasoning that begins with clearly established general principles and proceeds to the esablishment of particular truths
- city of 1666 Great Fire that resulted in bans on wood construction in favor of brick and stone, introduction of new sewage systems, and law dictating that streets must be at least 14 feet wide; the Great Fire left 100,000 homeless and businesses demolished and/or bankrupt; plague had killed some 70,000 in this city a year earlier
- essayist; author of "The Spirit of the Laws," which argued for the separation of powers, dividing government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches
- method of inquiry that combines inductive reasoning and scientific experimentation
- In 1600, this astronomer asserted that the universe was infinite and without a center and that other solar systems might exist in space, for which he was convicted of heresy and burned at the stake.
- served as the dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Dublin and created the Yahoos
- Author of Principia, which asserts that the universe is an intelligible system, well ordered in its operations and guiding principles
- headhunters on Papua New Guinea who believed that in displaying the head of an enemy warrior on poles, they could possess that warrior's strength
- French encyclopedist who said “Men will not be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the last priest?“
- Dominant religion practiced by India's leaders during most of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries
- French philosopher who wrote, "Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains"; author of "The Social Contract"; notorious for outbursts of temper and erratic behavior; placed each of his 5 children in an orphanage soon after birth yet ironically writes of his belief in the natural goodness of humankind, a goodness corrupted by society and the growith of civilization; believed that a new social order was needed to foster virtues like unselfishness and kindness
- room designed especially for social gatherings as well as the social, usually intellectural, gathering itself which was generally hosted by an aristocratic woman
- an agreement by which a person gives up sovereignty over him- or herself and bestows it on a ruler
- author of "Discourse on Method" who is considered a founder of deism, radical skepticism, and analytic geometry; with his "cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am) he concluded that the only certainty of one's own individual existence could be found in the idea that we must actually exist in order to generate thoughts about or own consciousness
- method of reasoning by which, through the direct and careful observation of natural phenomena, one can draw general conclusions from particular examples and predict the operations of nature as a whole
- Mogul ruler of India; enforced an official policy of religious tolerance; believed that a synthesis of the world’s faiths would surpass the teachings of any one of them; invited Christians, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists, and others to his court to debate with Muslim scholars. Banished the practice of immolating surviving wives on the funeral pyres of their husbands.
- master of the heroic couplet, as illustrated by his "Essay on Man"
- early sixteenth century group of Turko-Mongol Sunni Muslims who established a strong empire in northern India
- the belief that through logical, careful thought, progress is inevitable
|
|
Down
- Bacon’s category of false notions that is derived from our particular education, upbringing, and environment, and would include an individual’s religious faith
- Literally means "blank slate"; John Locke claimed that the human mind at birth is a blank slate and that our environment--what we learn and how we learn it--fills this slate
- these Polynesian warriors tattooed their faces
- spiritual substance that Pacific Islanders believed to be the manifestation of gods on earth
- Bacon’s category of false notions that includes the false dogmas of philosophy
- German mathematician who challenged the traditional belief that the orbits of the planets were spherical, showing that the five known planets moved around the sun in elliptical paths
- influential Parisian thinkers of the Enlightenment Era who frequented the salons and dominated the intellectual life fo the French Enlightenment; turned their attention to secular and social concerns; most of this group were alienated from the Church and were committed to the abolition of the monarchy, which they saw as intolerant, unjust, and decadent
- Parisian philosophe who was known for his voluminous writing including plays, novels, poems, and history; he was imprisoned in the Bastille for satirizing the monarchy and spent much of his life championing freedom of thought and challenging the philosophical optimism that characterized many of his fellow philosophes.
- author of "Essay on Human Understanding," which contends that people are perfectly capable of governing themselves
- author of "Novum Organum Scientiarum"who became the leading advocate of the empirical method of scientific investigation
- author of "Leviathan," a political philosophy treatise which asserts that humankind’s only hope is to submit to a higher authority; popular comic strip charater was named after him
- scientist who improved the telescope through which he saw the craters of the moon, the phases of Venus, and the moons of Jupiter banned by the pope from publishing and teaching and put under house arrest in 1615
- political theory that argues that people are by nature free, equal, and independent and that they consent to government for protection but not by surrendering sovereignty to a ruler
- term used by Francis Bacon to describe four categories of false notions based on these errors in reasoning developed through our unwitting adherence to the false notions that every age has worshipped.
- religious ideology embraced by most "philosophes" and America's founding fathers; branch of faith that argues that the basis of belief in God is reason and logic rather than revelation or tradition and does not believe that God is actively involved in the day-to-day workings of the universe but does believe in God the Creator
|