Across
- an extension of the theory of evolution positing that nations and societies advance according the the rule of "the survival of the fittest"
- utopian idealist and Marxist revolutionary; headed the Bolsheviks, the most radical of Russian post-revolutionary groups; dreamed of a dictatorship of the working class; believed that all poverty should be held in common, that every member of society should work for the benefit of the whole and would receive, from the state, goods and products commensurate with their work
- artist who used the artistic technique of impasto to create "Night Cafe"
- French writer, poet, and theorist who wrote the 1924 "Surrealist Manifesto" in which he credits Freud with encouraging his own cretive endeavors.
- musical technique in which different elements of an ensemble might play different meters simultaneously
- lack of a musical tone to center the composition
- painter who studied with Paul Cezanne and Camille Pissarro and who left France in 1891 to live several years in Tahiti where he became a prolific painter; suffered from heart disease and syphilis and died in 1903
- in film, the phenomenon that occurs when shots acquire meaning through relation to other shots; this effect contributed to the use of montage to intensify reliance on contextual content for meaning
- artist who painted "Les Demoiselles d'Avignon," which became notorious as an assault on the idea of painting as it had always been understood and which depicts five prostitutes in a brothel in Barcelona
- composed the music for the ballet "The Rite of Spring," which on premiere night evoked derisive laugher, hissing, booing, and catcalls, and ultimately contributed to the riot that broke out in the theatre during its perofrmance
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Down
- Surrealist artist who had been expelled from an arts school for refusing to take his final exam because he claimed to know more than the professor; his paintings are dreamscapes that often confront the dark side of sexuality and frequently include ants, which are a symbol of death; by the mid-1930s, the Surrealists parted ways with him over his admiration for Hitler and his lack of support for the Spanish Civil War; in 1938, he was formally expelled from the Surrealist movement
- artistic technique of layering paint to create an effect of dashes of thickly painted color
- ballet performed at the Theatre des Champs-Elysees in Paris, which ws based on a pagan ritual welcoming spring and culminating in human sacrifice; the musical score reflects the brutality of the pagan ritual with savage dissonance
- word meaning socio-economic, cultural, and/or ideological control by a dominant group
- occurs when two or more keys are sounded by different instruments at the same time
- formed a theory of eugenics that “focused on eliminating undesirable and less fit members of society by encouraging the proliferation of intelligent and physically fit humans”?
- President Andrew Jackson and General Philip Sheridan urged white settlers to undercut the Native Americans by slaughtering these animals; consequently, white men who were meat hunters for railroad construction gangs, hide hunters, and tourists obliged by killing over 4 million of them.
- extension of one nation's authority over another by the exercise of its military, economic, and/or political power
- artist who depended on a pointillist style to paint "A Sunday on La Grand Jatte," which depicts a crowd of Parisians enjoying an island in the Seine River
- Viennese neurologist who developed theories concerning the human psyche and its subconscious functions as well as developing such psychoanalytic techniques as dream analysis and free association; famous for his theories of infantile sexuality, penis envy, and the notion that the greatest impediment to human happiness was aggression, which was the basic instinctual drive that civilization was organized to control
- nation with which China was involved in the Opium War
- European nation that sought to thwart piracy in the Mediterranean by adding Tunisia, much of West Africa, and Madagascar to its colonies by the 1880s
- movement that developed among European artists and writers as a result of disillusionment with World War I; its founders claimed that it meant nothing, just as, in the face of war, life itself had come to seem meaningless; this word means various things including "the tail of a sacred cow" to the Kroo, "a cube and a mother" in certain regions in Italy, "hobbyhorse, a children's nurse, and double affirmation in Russian and Romanian; Romanian poet Tristan Tzara claimed to have invented this movement
- refers to the historical moment when the Bolshevik party received less than 1/4 of 1% of the votes in free elections in 1918, Lenin dissolved the government, eliminated all other parties, and put the Communist party into the hands of 5 men, a committee called the Politburo, with himself at its head; systematically eliminated his opposition by having his secret police arrest and execute over 280,000 people between 1918 and 1922.
- Italian for "obstinate"; continuous variation of the same musical rhythmical pulse
- artistic movement born out of a collaboration between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque; art style noted for its geometric form, its fragmentation of the object, and its abstraction
- the organization of a musical composition around a home key or tonal center
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