Chapter 5: "Uno Memento, Mori"

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Across

  1. descriptive term referring to the resemblance between illuminated manuscript pages and Turkish or Islamic carpets (2:149) (3:151)
  2. story of a Scandinavian warrior who rids a community of monsters that have been ravaging it; oldest English epic; 3000 lines of poetry written b/w 700 & 1000 CE (2&3:150)
  3. cathedral that claims as its relic the tunic the Virgin Mary wore when she gave birth to Christ; considered the "spiritual center" of the cult of the Virgin Mary during the 12th and 13th centuries (2:160) (3:160, 177 in chapter 6)
  4. Viking warriors from Scandinavia who invaded France mid-ninth century; these Viking invasions fragmented the former empire and caused nobility, commoners, and peasants to attach themeselves to anyone who might offer protection. In France, they besieged Paris in 845, and in 915, the Norse leader Rolf, or Rollo, became the first duke of Normandy; in 1066, they invaded England (2:156-7) (3:159)
  5. songs for one or many voices singing in a single melodic line with no harmony (2:156) (3:158)
  6. Iconic figure in the early Christian church whom the troubadours celebrated as Queen of Heaven and after whom many cathedrals were named; seen in medieval times as the spiritual equivalent of the lady of chivalry; the love of woman celebrated in medieval romance and troubadour poetry was equated with love of her; she is recognized as the all-compassionate mediater between the Judgment seat and the horrors of hell (2:168) (3:171)
  7. Cluniac order insisted on this for its monks and nuns because the Lord was their only lord and spouse; it was not the rule elsewhere until it was officially imposed on Catholic priests in 1139 (2:163) (3:166)
  8. considered an excellent example of the "medieval romance"; the story of a knight and his courtly-love-inspired relationship with Queen Guinevere, which exemplifies the metaphorical quality of the medieval romance that equates the knight's love of his lady with the Christian's love for Christ (2:167) (3:170-2)
  9. refers to everyday language spoken by people; in a literary sense, the term “romance” comes from an Old French term "romans" that refers to this everyday language as opposed to Latin; medieval romances were designed to entertain a broad audience with stories of adventure and love (2:167) (3:170)
  10. Dressed in armor and carrying a lance and with the intention of helping the sick and wounded, this woman, along with 300 other like-minded women, accompanied her husband, King Louis VII, into battle during the Second Crusade. King Louis VII ultimately had his marriage to her annulled and she then married the soon-to-be King Henry II of England; she bore eight children, two of whom later became English kings: Richard the Lionhearted and John; together with her daughter, Marie, Countess of Champagne, she moved to Poitiers, France, and they established that city as the center of a secular culture and literary movement celebrating the art of courtly love (2:166) (3:169)

Down

  1. Presented by Pope Urban II as Holy Wars, ostensibly undertaken to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims and motivated by religious zeal, desire to extend land holdings to disenfranchised nobility, revenge for atrocities committed by the Muslims when they overtook Jerusalem, and to squelch the conflict between Europe's feuding aristocrats; nearly 100,000 young men signed on to fight (2:164) (3:167)
  2. in music, 2 or more lines of melody; earliest form was called organum (2:164) (3:167)
  3. economic system based on the Roman custom of patronage that was an agriculturally economic system in which the tenant was obliged to serve the nobleman and pay him with goods or produce in exchange for a piece of land and the nobleman's protection; essentially this economic system is based on land tenure and the relationship of the tenant and landowner wherein the landowner loans land to the tenant, who in turn pledges allegiance to the landowner (2:146) (3:148)
  4. embroidered work that documents the Norman invasion of England in 1066; escaped destruction in French Revolution in 1789; used by Napoleon in his propaganda campaign as he prepared to invade England (2:159) (3:160)
  5. According to an ancient legend, this saint created the first Celtic cross by making the mark of a Latin cross through the circle on an ancient standing stone monument (answer: Patrick-this was removed from the first edition of the textbook, but I think it is important enough to include here)
  6. Pope Leo III crowned him emperor on Christmas Day, 800 CE, in return for his Christianization of much of Western Europe, creating what would later be known as the Holy Roman Empire (2:150-1) (3:153)
  7. means "reminder of death" (2:163) (3:166)
  8. Refers to the feudal custom by which the eldest son inherited all of its property; because of this system, large numbers of aristocratic younger borhters were disinherited and left to their own devices, which, in turn, led to feuding with one another and raiding other people's land; the Crusades organized these disenfranchised men with the promise of monetary and spiritual reward (2:164) (3:167)
  9. style of castle constructed by the Normans to defend themselves against the Saxons; had a raised earth mound and enclosed courtyard at its base (2:157) (3:159)
  10. Epic Medieval tale embodying the values of feudalism, celebrating courage and loyalty and duty to Charlemagne, his lord, and by extension, duty to the Christian God in the battle against Islam (2:151) (3:154-5)
  11. class of poets that flourished in the 11th-12th centuries in southern France and northern Italy; important source for spreading news far and wide; accompanied themselves on a lyre or lute; are said to have strongly influenced our notions of romantic love along with the conventions and vocabulary associated with it (2:166) (3:169)
  12. almond shaped oval of light signifying divinity, a motif imported to the Western world from the Far East, through Byzantium, and one widely used by Romanesque artists (2:162) (3:164)
  13. Code of honor and conduct that guided a knight: courage in battle, loyalty to lord, courtesy/reverence toward women (2:153) (3:155)
  14. sirname of the modern author who played an important role in securing the reputation of Beowulf as an important literary document (2:148) (3:150))
  15. founded around 910; a reformed Benedictine monastery and Romanesque pilgimage church; the order of monks associated with this abbey reported directly to the pope and answered to no feudal, ecclesiastical, or secular ruler and also practiced celibacy which was not officially imposed on Catholic priests until 1139 (2:163) (3:166)


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