Semen Analysis
|
Test Requested
|
Results
|
Reference Range
|
| ejaculate volume | 5 ml | 2-6 ml |
| viscosity and appearance | normal | thick, opaque cream |
| sperm count | 22 million | 20 million / mL |
| morphology | normal | head, midpiece, flagella for 60% |
| motility | 75 % forward | forward, linear for 50% |
| pH | 7.5 | 7-8 |
| dead vs. alive | 82 % alive | alive > 60% |
| WBC | 0-1 / hpf | 1-3 cells/ high power field |
| antisperm antibodies | negative | negative IgG and IgA |
This is within normal range for a semen analysis
Explain the possible causes for the following abnormal results :
1) Low ejaculate volume
2) Watery, yellow appearance
3) Two heads with one tail, one head with no tail
4) Decreased motility, most circling
5) pH - 6.2
6) 5-8 WBC / high powered field
7) (+) for Ig A antisperm antibodies