BIOL 2404 A&P Basics
Dr. Weis
Lecture Exam III
Submit your answers only in a MSWord document sent as an email attachment to the instructor.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM : 30 points total
9.1 Define hormone, name two chemical classes of hormones, and name & define two mechanism of actions for hormones. (5 points)
9.2 Complete the following chart : (20 points)
|
Endocrine Organ
|
Hormone
|
Function
|
| a. GH | ||
| b. | melatonin | |
| c. PRL | ||
| d. | milk let down | |
| e. | T3, T4 | |
| f. "C" cells | ||
| g. | PTH | |
| h. | stimulates melanocytes | |
| i. Adrenal Medulla | ||
| j. | aldosterone | |
| k. Ovary | ||
| l. | Interstitial cells | |
| m. | programs T-lymphocytes | |
| n. | insulin | |
| o. Kidneys | ||
| p. | ACTH | |
| q. | stimulated thyroid follicles | |
| r. Hypothalamus | ||
| s. | glucagon | |
| t. Digestive tract |
9.3 Define target organ and explain why all organs are not target organs for all hormones. (2 points)
9.4 Name a hormone under : (3 points)
a. Humoral control
b. Neural control
c. hormonal control
Blood : 15 points
10.1 Name four normal components of blood. (2 points)
10.2 Fill in the chart : (8 points total)
|
Formed Element
|
Description
|
Function
|
| a. | biconcave disc, doughnut shaped | |
| b. Monocyte | ||
| c. | involved in Antibody body defenses | |
| d. Neutrophil | ||
| e. | bilobed nucleus, red granules in cytoplasm | |
| f. | involved in cell mediated body defenses | |
| g. Basophil | ||
| h. | cell fragment of a megakaryocyte containing enzymes |
10.3 Define hemostasis and name & explain two phases. (3 points)
10.4 Hematopoiesis occurs in ___________________and all formed elements arise from a common stem cell called _________________. (1 point)
10.5 Name two tests that can be performed using blood. (1 point)
Cardiovascular : 33 points
11.1 Name the two types of heart valves, their location, and overall valve function. (3 points)
11.2 Describe the structure and function of atria. (1 point)
11.3 Describe the structure and function of ventricles. (2 points)
11.4 Name three of the 5 components of the cardiac conduction system and give their function. (3 points)
11.5 Name two wave deflections seen on a lead II ECG and their meaning. (2 points)
11.6 Define the following terms. (1 point each, 5 points total)
a. Cardiac cycle
b. Cardiac output
c. Systole
d. Diastole
e. Heart sounds
11.7 How does the ANS affect the heart ? (2 points)
11.8 Explain the differences between an artery and a vein. (2 points)
11.9 Name the inner lining of blood vessels and describe its structure. (1 point)
11.10 Define blood pressure and name two factors that affect blood pressure. (2 points)
11.11 Define capillary and explain a capillary exchange based on permeability. (2 points)
11.12 Define vascular anastomosis and give two examples. (2 points)
11.13 Give the structure and function of the hepatic portal system. (2 points)
11.14 Name a fetal bypass and what it is bypassing. (1 point)
11.15 Define pulse and give a location. (1 point)
11.16 Fill in the following chart : (0.5 points per blank, 2 points total)
|
Vessel Region
|
Name of vessel
|
| a. branch of aortic arch | |
| b. superficial vein | |
| c. branch of thoracic aorta | |
| d. branch of abdominal aorta |
Lymphatic and Immune System : 22 points
12.1 Describe two histological characteristics of a lymph node, give a location for a lymph node and the function of a lymph node. (3 points)
12.2 Fill in the following chart : (4 points total )
|
Lymphatic organ / tissue
|
location
|
function
|
| a. Spleen | ||
| b. Tonsils | ||
| c. Peyer's Patches | ||
| d. MALT |
12.3 Name a lymphatic duct and the body area that it drains. (1 point)
12.4 Define lymph (1 point)
12.5 Define immunity and give the two major divisions. (1 point)
12.6 Define inflammation and give the two chemical signs. (2 points)
12.7 Name and define a first line body defense. (1 point)
12.8 Name and define a second line body defense (1 point)
12.9 Define normal and foreign antigen (2 points)
12.10 Name an antibody class, its structure, location, and function. (2 points)
12.11 Why are memory cells and cytokines necessary for the specific immune system? (2 points)
12.12 Explain two differences between humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. (2 points)
Extra Credit : (1 point each)
EC1> Name 2 problems with the endocrine system
EC2> Name 2 problems with blood
EC3> Name 2 problems with the cardiovascular system
EC4> Name 2 problems with the lymphatic system
EC5> Name 2 problems with the immune system