A&P Basics Lecture Exam II

Dr. Weis

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Endocrine System = 12 points

1.1  Define hormone, give the two major classes and an example of each (3 points)

1.2   Name two organs or tissues that have secondary endocrine functions. Give their hormones and unique function. (2 points)

1.3   Fill in the following chart for the classic or primary endocrine tissues. (0.5 each blank, 7 points total)

Gland
Hormone
Function
a) Anterior Pituitary    
b) Posterior Pituitary    
c) Thyroid    
d) Parathyroid    
e) Pineal    
f) Adrenal Cortex    
g) Adrenal Medulla    

 

Cardiovascular and Hematology System = 15 points

2.1 Give the function for the following blood components: plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and platetlets.  (0.5 each, 2 points total)

2.2 Define hemostasis and name a phase. (1 point)

2.3 Name two tests that can be performed using blood. (1 point)

2.4 Name the stem cell precursor for blood and its location. (1 point)

2.5 Name a cardiac valve and give its function. (1 point)

2.6 Name a part of the cardiac conduction system and its unique function. (1 point)

2.7 Define cardiac output using the formula. (1 point)

2.8 Name two histological characteristics of cardiac muscle. (1 point)

2.9 Define cardiac cycle and give an event that happens. (1 point)

2.10 Give the function of the following: artery, vein, capillary.  Name a tunic that is common to all these vessels. (2 points)

2.11 Define pulse and give a location. (1 point)

2.12 Define blood pressure and how measured. (1 point)

2.13 Name an artery that supplies the arm and a superficial vein in the leg. (1 point)

Lymphatic System = 9 points

3.1 Define immunity, name two major types of immunity, and list the cells involved. (2 points)

3.2 Give the function and location of the following: (1 point each, 4 points total)

            a) Lymph Node

            b) Spleen

            c) Tonsils

            d) Peyer’s Patches

3.3    Define the following: Inflammation, Fever, Phagocytosis (1 point each, 3 points total)

Immune System = 7 points

4.1 Define antibody and give its source. (1 point)

4.2 Define antigen and give an example (1 point)

4.3 Define hypersensitivity and give an example (1 point)

4.4 Fill in the following chart giving the specific function of these WBCs (0.5 each, 3 points total)

Name of blood cell
Specific Function
a) Plasma cell  
b) T-helper Lymphocyte  
c) T-cytotoxic lymphocyte  
d) T-suppressor lymphocyte  
e) T-memory  
f) B-lymphocyte  

4.5 Define cytokine and give an example. (1 point)

Respiratory System = 12 points

5.1    Fill in the following chart giving the functions for these regions. (0.5 each, 5 points total)

Structure
Function
a) conchae  
b) paranasal sinus  
c) nasopharynx  
d) larynx  
e) glottis  
f) trachea  
g) bronchioles  
h) alveolar duct  
i) alveolar sac  
j) alveoli  

5.2    Define respiration and name the four phases. (3 points)

5.3    Name a respiratory volume and a respiratory capacity. (1 point)

5.4    Name a central and a peripheral control for respiration. (1 point)

5.5    How is oxygen primarily transported in the body? (0.5 points)

5.6    How is carbon dioxide primarily transported in the body? (0.5 points)

5.7    Define the following terms: hypoxia, hyperventilation. (1 point)

Digestive and Metabolism Systems = 18 points

6.1 Fill in the following table for functions of these digestive regions. (0.5 each, 10 points total)

Structure
Function
a) uvula  
b) tongue  
c) teeth  
d) parotid  
e) oropharynx  
f) esophagus  
g) stomach  
h) ileum  
i) duodenum  
j) jejunum  
k) colon  
l) lips  
m) rectum  
n) villi  
o) exocrine pancreas  
p) anus  
q) gall bladder  
r) appendix  
s) endocrine pancreas  
t) liver  

6.2 Define the following terms:

            a. Peristalsis

            b. Absorption

           c. Metabolism

            d. Calorie

            e. Segmentation

            f. Anabolic

            g. Catabolic

6.3 Name a major nutrient group and give an example of this nutrient. (1 point)

Urinary System= 12 points

7.1 Name the two types of nephron and the major parts of all nephrons. (3 points)

7.2 Name 3 normal components of urine and give its normal color and pH. (3 points)

7.3 Name a hormone that comes from the kidney and its function. (1 point)

7.4 Define pH (1 point)

7.5 Define electrolyte (1 point)

7.6 Give the primary functions of the following organs (0.5 each, 2 points total)

            a. urethra

            b. urinary bladder

            c. ureter

            d. kidney

7.7 Name two things that should not be seen in the urine. (1 point)

Reproductive and Development Systems = 15 point

8.1 Fill in the following table for the structure and function. (0.5 per blank, 10 points total)

Structure Male Repro Function Female repro Function
a) Gonad        
b) Duct        
c) Acessory Gland        
d) External Genitalia        
e) hormone        

8.2 Define labor and name a stage. (1 point)

8.3 Name an extra-embryonic membrane and its function. (1 point)

8.4 Name an embryonic germ layer and an adult derivative [what the germ layer creates] (1 point)

8.5 Explain two differences between meiosis and mitosis. (1 point)

8.6 Define fertilization and where it occurs. (1 point)

Extra Credit:

Name a unique problem for the following systems: (0.5 each, 5 points total)

EC 1 Endocrine

EC 2 Heart

EC 3 Blood

EC 4 Blood Vessels

EC 5 Lymphatic

EC 6 Immune

EC 7 Respiratory

EC 8 Digestive

EC 9 Urinary

EC 10 Reproduction/Development