BIOL 2404 A&P Basics
Lecture Exam I
Dr. Weis
Submit your original answers ONLY in a MSWord document (.doc or .rtf format) as an email attachment to your instructor.
Body Orientation [12 points]
1.1 Name three major body planes, describe how they divide the body and two directional terms associated with each plane. (4.5)
1.2 How does the structural level of organization reflect homeostatsis? (3 points)
1.3 Define body cavity, name the two major divisions, their subdivisions, and two organs that are located in each cavity. (3.5)
1.4 How are anatomy and physiology related ? (1 point)
Chemistry [12 points]
2.1 Regarding water, name the chemical bond(s) involved, and describe two of the unique properties of water. [4 points]
2.2 Name one of the four organic compounds, give a specific example of this compound, its source, chemical bond, and specific function. [2.5]
2.3 Define atom, give its subatomic particles, their charges and function. [4 points]
2.4 Explain how matter and energy are related to one another. [1.5 points]
Cell [13 points]
3.1 Define cell, name the three major parts & their function, and explain why there is a need for cell diversity. [5 points]
3.2 Name a membranous organelle and its function and a nonmembranous organelle and its function. [2 points]
3.3 Define enzyme and explain their importance to cell function. [2 points]
3.4 Name the four major types of tissues, and example of each and their function. [4 points]
Membranes and Skin [10 points]
4.1 Define body membrane and name the two types and an example of each. [2.5 points]
4.2 Name two appendages (accessory organ) for the skin and give the function for each. [2 points]
4.3 Describe the histological structure and two functions for the epidermis, the dermis and hypodermis. [4.5 points]
4.4 Name a specific sensory receptor for the skin and its modality (function or sense reception). [1 point]
Skeletal [12 points]
5.1 Define ossification, name the two types and describe the general processes. [3 points]
5.2 Define osteon and give three histological characteristics. [2 points]
5.3 Define joint and name a joint based on its anatomical and physiological properties. [2 points]
5.4 Fill in the following chart. [0.5 points each, 5 points total]
Bone region
|
Bone example
|
| a) cranial bone | |
| b) facial bone | |
| c) vertebra | |
| d) thoracic cage | |
| e) pelvic girdle | |
| f) pectoral girdle | |
| g) arm | |
| h) leg | |
| i) hand | |
| j) foot |
Muscles [13 points]
6.1 Name and describe the two types of contractile proteins for muscle. [2 points]
6.2 Name the three types of muscles, their location, and a histological characteristic of each. [3 points]
6.3 Define the following terms [0.5 points, 3 points total]
a) fatigue
b) twitch
c) tone
d) tetanus
e) isotonic
f) isometric
6.4 Define the following terms [0.5 points, 2 points total]
a) flex
b) extend
c) origin
d) instertion
6.5 Fill in the following chart, [0.5 points, 3 points]
Muscle region
|
Muscle Name
|
| a) head / neck | |
| b) trunk | |
| c) shoulder | |
| d) hip | |
| e) arm | |
| f) leg |
Nervous [14 points]
7.1 Name the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and the overall body effects for each. [2 points]
7.2 Name two neuroglial cells, their location, and function. [2 points]
7.3 Name a cranial nerve, its number, and function. [1 point]
7.4 Define the following terms [0.5 points, 3 points]
a) afferent
b) efferent
c) repolarization
d) resting membrane potential
e) threshold
f) depolarization
7.5 Define reflex using the components. [2 points]
7.6 Define spinal nerve plexus and give a nerve. [1 point]
7.7 Define meninge and give an example [1 point]
7.8 Fill in the following table [0.5 points each, 2 points total]
| Region | Function |
| a) Hypothalamus | |
| b) Cerebellum | |
| c) Cerebrum | |
| d) Brainstem |
Special Senses [14 points]
8.1 Name the receptor and cranial nerve for the gustatory and olfactory senses. [2 points]
8.2 Fill in the following chart for the ear [1 point each, 6 points total]
Region
|
Example
|
Function
|
| a) Outer ear | ||
| b) Middle ear | ||
| c) Inner ear containing Organ of Corti | ||
| d) Inner ear containing macula | ||
| e) Brain area that relates to this sense | ||
| f) Cranial nerve |
8.3 Fill in the following chart for the eye. [1 point each, 6 points total]
Region
|
Example
|
Function
|
| a) Fibrous tunic | ||
| b) Vascular tunic | ||
| c) Sensory tunic | ||
| d) External, accessory structure | ||
| e) Brain area that relates to this sense | ||
| f) Cranial nerve |
Extra Credit : [0.5 points each, 5 points total]
EC-1 Name a problem with the following
a) Integumentary system
b) Skeletal system
c) Muscular system
d) Nervous system
e) Special Sensory
f) cells
g) tissues
h) chemistry
EC-2 Name the normal anatomical position
EC-3 Name and define a medical word part not used for this test (i.e. the test itself or any of your answers)