BIOL 2404 A&P Basics
Dr. Weis
Lecture Exam II
Please submit your original answers only in a .doc or .rtf as an email atachment to your instructor. No resources are to be used for this exam. Failure to follow directions given prior to this exam will result in loss of points.
Endocrine, Cardiovascular (32 points). Questions are worth 1 point each, unless specified otherwise.
1. Define systole and diastole.
2. Name a wave deflection seen on lead ECG II and explain its meaning.
3. Name the two major cardiac valves, their location, and a general function. (2)
4. Define hemostasis and name and describe two of the four phases. (3)
5. Name four tests that can be performed using blood. (2)
6. Define hormone, name a chemical class, a specific example of a hormone and a mechansim of action. (2)
7. Define homeostasis and give a feedback control mechansim.
8. Fill in the following chart. (0.5 per blank, 12 points total)
Endocrine Gland |
Hormone Produced |
Target Organ |
| a) Pineal | ||
| b) Thyroid | ||
| c) Pancreas | ||
| d) Parathyroid | ||
| e) Ovaries | ||
| f) Anterior Pituitary | ||
| g) Testes | ||
| h) Kidney | ||
| i) Adrenal Cortex | ||
| j) Posterior Pituitary | ||
| k) Adrenal Medulla | ||
| l) Thymus |
9. Give the function of the following (0.5 points each, 1.5 points total)
a) WBC
b) RBC
c) Platelets
10. Define the following terms (0.5 points each, 2 points total)
a) Cardiac Output [math formula]
b) Blood pressure
c) Pulse
d) Cardiac Cycle
11. Give the function of the following (0.5 points each, 1.5 points total)
a) Vein
b) Artery
c) Capillary
12. Give examples of the following (0.5 points per blank, 3 points)
| Region | Specific Vessel Example |
| a) Artery that supplies the heart | |
| b) Superficial vein that drains the leg | |
| c) Artery that supplies the arm | |
| d) Vein that drains the head | |
| e) Artery that supplies an abdominal organ | |
| f) Vein that supplies the liver with GI blood |
Lymphatic, Immune, Respiratory [22 points] Each question is worth 1 point unless otherwise specified
13. Fill in the following chart (0.5 points per blank, 4 points total)
| Organ/Tissue | Location | Function |
| a) Spleen | ||
| b) Lymph Node | ||
| c) Tonsils | ||
| d) Thymus |
14. Give the source and function of surfactant.
15. Define respiration and name two MAJOR phases. (1.5 points)
16. Name a gas law. (0.5)
17. Name a respiratory volume and a respiratory capacity.
18. Define immunity and give the two MAJOR divisions and their functions. (3 points)
19. Name two end results when complement proteins are activated.
20. Fill in the following chart (0.5 per blank, 4 points total)
| Structure | Unique Function |
| a) Trachea | |
| b) Pleura | |
| c) Larynx | |
| d) Diaphragm | |
| e) alveoli | |
| f) concha | |
| g) sinus | |
| h) phrenic nerve |
21. Name an antibody class and give its location.
22. Name a specific way for gas transport in the blood for oxygen and carbon dioxide.
23. Give the function of the respiratory membrane. (0.5 points)
24. Give the function of respiratory epithelium [mucosa]. (0.5 points)
25. Define antigen and give an example.
26. Give an example of a first line body defense and a second line body defense.
27. Name the cells that are responsible for Humoral Immunity and Cell mediated immunity.
Digestive, Nutrition, Urinary, Acid-Base [24 points] Each question is worth 1 point unless otherwise specified
28. Define the following terms (0.5 points, 4.5 points total)
a) calorie
b) metabolism
c) energy
d) BMR
e) digestion
f) absorption
g) micturition
h) electrolyte
i) essential nutrient
29. Fill in the following chart (0.5 per blank, 6 points)
| Macromolecule | example | function |
| a) Carbohydrate | ||
| b) Triglyceride | ||
| c) Protein | ||
| d) Nucleic Acid | ||
| e) Vitamin | ||
| f) Mineral |
30. Define chemical buffer by its components and give its function.
31. Give the function of the following structures (0.5 points each, 2 points total)
a) Urethra
b) Urinary Bladder
c) Ureter
d) Kidney
32. Define pH mathematically and give the pH range for blood.
33. Give the function of the following structures. (0.5 points each, 5 points total)
a) Stomach
b) Small Intestine
c) Esophagus
d) Teeth
e) Large Intestine
f) Pancreas
g) Tongue
h) Liver
i) Parotid Gland
j) Gall Bladder
34. Define the following terms as they relate to the urinary system and give an example of where this process occurs (1 point each, 3 points total)
a) Reabsorption
b) Filtration
c) Secretion
35. Name a way that heat is lost to the environment. (0.5 points)
36. Name two normal components (constituents) of urine.
Reproduction, Development, Genetics [22 points] Each question is worth 1 point unless otherwise specified
37. Name two extra embryonic membranes and give their function. (2)
38. Name stage of labor and a hormone that effects this process.
39. Name two embryonic germ layers and an adult tissue that comes from each. (2)
40. Define fertilization and where it occurs.
41.
Explain the difference between genotype and phenotype
42. Fill in the following chart, (0.5 points for each blank, 10 points total)
Reproductive Area |
Male Repro Structure |
Function |
Female Repro Structure |
Function |
| a) Gonad | ||||
| b) Duct/Tubule (example #1) | ||||
| c) Accessory structure | ||||
| d) External Genitalia | ||||
| e) Duct/Tubule (example #2) |
43. Name two changes that occur to the mother during pregnancy.
44. Define gestation and give the normal time period for humans.
45. Define allele and loci.
46. Name two pituitary hormones that control reproduction.
47. Name two different types of inheritance patterns.
Extra Credit (0.5 points each, 5 points total)
Give a specific and unique problem/condition/disease for the following systems
EC-1 Endocrine
EC-2 Cardiovascular
EC-3 Respiratory
EC-4 Male reproduction
EC-5 Lymphatic
EC-6 Blood
EC-7 Immune
EC-8 Digestive
EC-9 Urinary
EC-10 Female Reproduction