BIOL 2404 A&P Basics
Lecture Exam II
Dr. Weis

Please submit your orginial answers only in a .doc or .rtf formatted document as an email attachment to your instructor.

Endocrine System: 10 points total

1.1 Define hormone. Name a chemical class, explain its mechanism of action, and give an example of this hormone. [3 points]

1.2 Name two tissues/organs that have secondary endocrine function and give their respective hormones. [2 points]

1.3 Fill in the following chart. [0.5 points for each blank, 5 points total]

Cardiovascular System: Blood, Heart, Blood Vessels ; 23 points total

2.1 Define hemostasis and name 2 phases. [1.5 points]

2.2 All blood cells arise from a single stem cell in the red bone marrow. Name this stem cell: [0.5 points]

2.3 Name two tests that can be performed using blood. [1 point]

2.4 Give two components/constituents of plasma. [1 point]

2.5 Describe the RBC structure and give a function. [1 point]

2.6 Name two WBCs, describe their anatomy and give their respective functions. [2 points]

2.7 Name a cardiac valve, its location, and function. [1 point]

2.8 Give two histological characteristics of the myocardium. [1 point]

2.9 Define cardiac output using the formula. [1 point]

2.10 Define the following terms: [0.5 points each, 2 points total]

a) Cardiac cycle

b) Diastole

c) Systole

d) Epicardium

2.11 Define ECG and name a deflection wave seen on a Lead II and explain its meaning. [1.5 points]

2.12 Give the cardiac conduction sytem structure and its location which relates to your answer in 2.11 [1 point]

2.13 What causes normal heart sounds? [0.5 points]

2.14 Give the function of the following: Veins, Arteries, Capillaries. [0.5 each, 1.5 points total]

2.15 Define anastomosis and give an example. [1 point]

2.16 Define blood pressure and name a factor that affects blood pressure control. [1 point]

2.17 What is the source for interstitial fluid? [0.5 points]

2.18 Fill in the following chart. [0.5 points per blank, 4 points total]

Lymphatic and Immune Systems: 10 points total

3.1 Define lymph and give its source. [1 point]

3.2 Fill in the following chart, [0.5 points per blank, 4 points total]

3.3 Define immunity and give the two major types. [1.5 points]

3.4 Define antigen and explain the difference between the two major types. [1.5 points]

3.5. Explain the defense mechanism provided by the following: [0.5 points each, 2 points total]

a) mucous membrane

b) antibody

c) perforin

d) cytokines

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Respiratory System: 12 points total

4.1 Name and explain the four phases of respiration. [4 points]

4.2 How are O2 and CO2 PRIMARILY transported in the blood? [1 point total]

4.3 Name and define a respiratory volume and a respiratory capacity. [2 points]

4.4 Give the source and function of surfactant. [1 point]

4.5 Give the structure and function of the respiratory membrane. [1 point]

4.6 Name and explain a gas law as it relates to the respiratory system. [1 point]

4.7 Name the serous membrane covering of the lungs and give its function. [1 point]

4.8 Describe the epithelium that lines most of the upper respiratory system and give a function based on its structural parts.
[1 point]

Digestive and Metabolism: 16 points total

5.1 Define enzyme and give an example as it relates to the digestive system. [1 point]

5.2 Give the unique and different function of the following structures [0.5 points each, 5 points total]

a) Esophagus

b) Large Intestine

c) Liver

d) Pancreas

e) Small Intestine

f) Stomach

g) Tongue

h) Salivary glands

i) Teeth

j) Gall bladder

5.3 Define the following terms: [0.5 points each, 5 points total]

a) Energy

b) Metabolism

c) BRM

d) Peristalsis

e) Essential Nutrient

f) absorption

g) Segmentation

h) Digestion

i) calorie

j) alimentary

5.4 Explain the differnence between catabolism and anabolism. [1 point]

5.5 Fill in the following chart. [0.5 points per blank, 4 points total]

Urinary System: 10 points total

6.1 Give the function of the following structures: [0.5 points each, 2 points total]

a) Female Urethra

b) Urinary Bladder

c) Ureters

d) Male Urethra

6.2 Name two hormones from the kidney and their respective functions. [2 points]

6.3 Name four (4) normal components/constituents of urine. [0.5 each, 2 points total]

6.4 Give the normal pH range for blood. [1 point]

6.5 Define the following terms: [0.5 points each, 3 points total]

a) electrolyte

b) buffer

c) micturition

d) glomerular filtration

e) renal tubular secretion

f) renal tubular reabsorption

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Reproduction and Development: 19 points total

7.1 Fill in the following chart for the Male Reproductive System [0.5 points per blank, 4 points total]

7.2 Fill in the following chart for the Female Reproductive System [0.5 points per blank, 4 points total]

7.3 Name two pituitary / hypothalamic hormones that control the reproductive systems and give their function. [2 points]

7.4 Name a similarity and a difference between mitosis and meiosis with regards to events and location. [2 points]

7.5 Name two extra embryonic membranes and their function. [2 points]

7.6 Name two embryonic germ layers and their respective adult derivative. [2 points]

7.7 Define the following terms: [0.5 points each, 1 point total]

a) fertilzation

b) gastrulation

7.8 Name and define a stage of labor and a hormone that controls labor. [1.5 points]

7.9 Name a change that happens to the women during pregancy. [0.5 points]

Extra Credit: Give a unique and different problem that can happen with the following systems.
[0.5 points each, 5 points total]

EC-1 Endocrine

EC-2 Urinary

EC-3 Digestive/Metabolism

EC-4 Respiratory

EC-5 Lymphatic/Immune

EC-6 Male reproduction

EC-7 Blood

EC-8 Blood vessels

EC-9 Female Reproduction

EC-10 Heart