Biology 2404 Human Anatomy and Physiology Basics Lecture Objectives
| Endocrine | Blood |
Heart & Vessels |
Respiratory |
GI & Metabolism |
Male and Female |
Development and Genetics |
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Define terms relating to the body's organization and anatomy
2. Name and explain the levels of organization
3. Know terminology related to the body planes and cavities
4. Explain how homeostasis and feedback mechanisms work
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Identify the main inorganic elements, molecules, and compounds and give
their function in biological systems
2. Identify the four classes of macromolecules (organic compounds) and give
their function in biological systems
3. Discuss the formation and purpose of chemical bonds and chemical reactions
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of Eukaryotic cells as it relates to the
nucleus, cytosol, organelles, and plasma (cell) membrane
2. Discuss cellular transport mechanisms
3. Describe the process of cell division and aging
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure, location, and function of
a. Epithelial Tissues, Epithelial membranes, Epithelial glands
b. Connective Tissue : proper, supportive, and blood
c. Muscle Tissue : skeletal, cardiac, smooth
d. Nervous Tissue : neurons, and neuroglial cells
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Know the major divisions of the nervous system
2. Describe the types of neurons, nerves, tracts, and support cells
3. Describe the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord
4. Describe the structure and function of a synapse
5. Describe the events of impulse transmission
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of the Special Senses for
a. Vision b. Hearing and Equilibrium
c. Gustation d. Olfaction
2. Describe the structure and function of the General Senses for
a. Touch b. Pressure c. Pain
d. Temperature e. Proprioception
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure, function, and cells involved with
a. Skin : Epidermis and Dermis
b. Hypodermis
c. Appendages : hair, nails, glands
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of
a. Compact bone
b. Spongy bone
c. Long bones
2. Describe the embryonic growth of bone
3. Name and identify the major bones that comprise the skeletal system
4. Explain joint classification and the structure and function of a synovial joint
5. Define the terms related to movement at synovial joints
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of the three types of muscle tissue
2. Define major terms as they relate to muscle anatomy
3. Explain muscle physiology as it relates to :
tone, energy sources, ionic changes, Neuromuscular junction, and the
sliding filament theory
4. Name and identify the major superficial muscles of the human body
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of classical endocrine glands
2. Describe the function of organs and tissues with secondary endocrine function
3. Describe the structure and function of hormones and their interactions with
body cells
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the source, structure and function of blood as it relates to life span,
immune system interactions, and clotting
2. Describe the structure of the heart
3. Describe the function of the heart as it relates to the conduction system,
the cardiac cycle, and cardiac output
4. Describe the structure and function of the major blood vessels
5. Name the major circulatory pathways
6. Give the function of blood vessels as it relates to blood pressure, blood flow,
and capillary exchange
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of lymphatic organs : lymph nodes, spleen,
thymus, tonsils, and Peyer's patches
2. Describe the structure and function of the nonspecific defenses
3. Describe the structure and function of humoral immunity
4. Describe the structure and function of cell-mediated immunity
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of the organs of the respiratory system :
nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, lungs,
and the pleura
2. Describe the phases of respiration and its regulation
Digestive System, Nutrition, and Metabolism
After completing these sections, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of the digestive system organs :
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, anus
2. Describe the structure and function of accessory organs for the GI system :
tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder
3. Describe the major nutrients for the body and how they are metabolized
in the process of digestion and absorption
4. Describe the process of body temperature regulation
After completing this section, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of the urinary system organs :
kidney, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra
2. Describe the process of urine formation and the components of normal urine
3. Describe the regulation of acid-base and electrolyte balance by the kidneys
Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid - Base
After completing this section, the students should be able to
1. Describe the body fluid compartments and movement of water between them
2. Name and give the function for the major electrolytes in the body fluids
3. Describe the Acid - Base regulation relating to the process of
a. chemical buffer systems
b. respiratory system
c. renal
After completing these sections, students should be able to
1. Describe the structure and function of the male reproductive organs :
testes, epididymis, vas (ductus) deferens, urethra, and penis
2. Describe the structure and function of the male accessory reproductive organs
scrotum, prostate, bulbourethral, and seminal vesicles
3. Describe the structure and function of the female reproductive organs :
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva
4. Describe the structure and function of the mammary glands
5. Name the hormones involved with controlling the reproductive cycles
Human Development and Genetics
After completing this section, the students should be able to
1. Describe the process of development from fertilization and embryonic
formation to fetal development and birth
2. Define basic genetic terms
3. Explain the major inheritance patterns