HUMAN DISEASES

LIST OF LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC TESTS

BLOOD STUDIES

Chemistry Screen

CHEM 7

Sodium: 135 – 148 mEq/L

Potassium: 3.5 – 5.5 mEq/L

Chloride:  96 – 112 mEq/L

CO2:  21 – 34 mEq/L

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN):  6 – 23 mg/dl

Creatinine:  0.6 – 1.5 mg/dl

Glucose: 60 – 120 mg/dl

Sequential Multiple Analyzer (SMA)

            SMA – 6

            SMA – 12

Complete Blood Count with Differential

Red blood cell count: 4.2 – 6.1 X 100000.00 /mcl

Hemoglobin:  11 – 18g/dl

Hematocrit: 34 – 54%

RBC indices:

            Mean Corpusclular Volume (MVC): 80 – 95 / mm3

            Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH):  27 – 31pg

            Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): 32 – 36 g/dl

White blood cell count and differential:

Total: 5000 -10,000 / mm3

            Neutrophils: 2500 – 8000

            Lymphocytes: 1000 – 4000

            Monocytes: 100 – 700

            Eosinophils: 50 – 500

            Basophils: 25 - 100

Blood smear: Normal cell count and form

Platelet count: 140,000 – 450,000 / ml

Coagulation Studies

Prothrombin time (PT): 10 – 14 seconds

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT):  32 – 45 seconds

Bleeding time:  3 – 7 minutes

Platelet count: as above

Lipid Profile

Cholesterol:  <200 mg/dl

High-density lipoprotein (HDL):  <55 mg/dl

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL):  60 – 180 mg/dl

Very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL):  25 – 50%

Apolipoproteins: 

Triglycerides:  35 – 160 mg/dl

Liver Function Tests

Bilirubin:

            Total: 0.2 – 1.0 mg/dl

            Direct: 0.1 – 0.3 mg/dl

            Indirect: 0.2 – 0.8 mg/dl

Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) (SGOT):  0 - .35 U/L

Alanine transferase (ALT) (SGPT): 40 – 36 IU/L

Gamma-glutamyl transpepidase (GGT):  8 – 38 U/L

5’-nucleotidase: 0.0 – 1.6 U

Leucine aminopepidase (LAP):  75 – 200 U/ml

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP):  30 – 120 U/L

Renal Function Tests

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): as above

Creatinine: as above

Creatinine clearance: 87 – 139 ml/min

Thyroid Panel

Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU): 

Thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine) (T4):  4 – 12mcU/dl

Free thyroxine index:  0.8 – 2.4 ng/dl

Triiodothyronine (T3): 70 – 205 ng/dl

T3 uptake test: 24 – 34%

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH):  2 – 4 mU/L

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis (ABG)

pH: 7.35 – 7.45

Arterial oxygen  (PaO2): 80 – 100 torr

Arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2): 35 – 45 torr

Bicarbonate (HCO3-): 21 – 28 mEq/dl

Saturation (SAT): 95 – 100%

Oxygen content (O2 content): 15 - 22

Base excess (BE): =/- 2

Cardiac Markers

Troponin I: 0 – 0.1 ng/ml

Troponin T: 0 – 0.2 ng/ml

Myoglobin:

            Male: 10 – 95 ng/ml

            Female: 10 – 65 ng/ml

Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK): 30 – 170 U/L

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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) TEST (LUMBAR PUNCTURE)

Appearance: clear

Glucose: 40 – 85 mg/dl

Osmolality: 290 – 298 mOsm/L

Pressure: 70 – 180 torr (mmHg)

Protein: 15 – 45 mg/dl

Total (blood) Cell Count: 0 – 5 cells/mcl

White Blood Cell Count: 0 – 6 cell/mcl

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URINE STUDIES (URINALYSIS)

Appearance: clear

Color: Straw, amber

Odor: aromatic

pH: 4.6 – 8.0

Protein: 0 – 8 mg/dl (50 – 80mg/dl for 24-hour urine)

Specific Gravity: 1.005 – 1.030

Leukocyte esterase: negative

Nitrates: none

Ketones: none

Bilirubin: none

Urobilinogen: 0.01 – 1.0 Ehrlich units/ml

Crystals: none

Casts: none

Glucose: none (50 – 300mg/dl in 24-hour urine)

White Blood Cells: 0-4 under low-power microscope field

WBC casts: none

Red Blood Cells: less than 2

RBC casts: none

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FECAL STUDIES

Occult blood

Ovum and Parasite (O&P)

            Hookworm (ascaris)

            Tapeworm (strongloides)

            Giardia (protozoan)

            Cryptosporidium

Fecal Fat

Stool culture and sensitivity

Salmonella

            Clostridium

            Campylobacter

            Yersinia

            E. coli (pathogenic)

            Staphylococcus

            H. Pylori

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ELECTRODIAGNOSTIC STUDIES

Cardiac Stress Test

Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Holter monitoring

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ENDOSCOPIC STUDIES

Arthroscopy

Laparoscopy

Bronchoscopy

Cystoscopy

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

Sigmoidoscopy

Colonoscopy

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NUCLEAR SCAN STUDIES

Bone

Brain

Lung

Heart

Gall bladder

GI

Thyroid

Kidney

Schilling Test

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

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ULTRASOUND STUDIES

Abdominal

Pelvic

Breast

Carotid artery

Fetal profile

Prostate (transrectal)

Scrotum

Thyroid

Vascular

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X-RAY STUDIES

AP – Anterior / Posterior

LATERAL – side view

KUB – Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder

Computerized Tomography (CT Scan)

Barium Swallow

Barium Enema

Small Bowel Series

Intravenous Pyelography (pylegram) (IVP)

Angiography (Angiogram)

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MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)