Pathophysiology Review Sheet: Heart and Blood Vessels (Cardiovascular)

1. Name and explain two fetal heart defects and their treatments.
2. Name and explain a problem with the pericardium
3. Name the two types of cardiomyopathies and explain their causes
4. Describe the structure and function of an intercalated disc
5. Explain the importance of calcium ion for the heart
6. Name a cardiac drug and its MOA (mechanism of action)
7. Name two heart tumors
8. Name and explain a problem with a valve, its sequella, and treatment
9. Explain coronary artery disease and a treatment
10. Explain MI and its sequella
11. Be able to identify and explain the wave forms seen on a normal Lead II EKG
12. Name two cardiac dysrythmias that can be detected on a Lead II EKG
13. Give the mathematical formula for cardiac output (CO)
14. Define cardiac cycle and related terms (i.e systole, diastole, heart sounds, etc.)
15. Define shock and name and explain a cause
16. Give the clinical signs for congestive heart failure (CHF)
17. Define aneurysm and give two possible locations and a treatment
18. Explain the difference between thrombus and embolus and when each might occur
19. Know the normal values for blood pressure and explain a change
20. Explain the steps in the formation of atherosclerosis
21. Define the following terms: ischemia, infarct, plaque, varicosity
22. Define edema and explain a cause