Pathophysiology Lecture Review for Acid/Base/Electrolyte/Fluid

1. Name the fluid compartments of the body and their percentages.
2. Properly define osmosis, give the hormonal control of water, and explain the pressures involved in capillary dynamics.
3. Explain the fluid shifts that can happen and how this fluid is measured and the causes for fluid shifts.
4. Explain the difference between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic.
5. Name the hormones involved with electrolyte balance, give the source of these hormones and their effects at the target organ.
6. Give a cause for increases or decreases in cations and a clinic sign.
7. Give a cause for alterations in anions and an associated clinic sign.
8. Define acid, base, salt, and buffer.
9. Know the Bohr equation (CO2 formula)
10. Define pH mathematically, give the scale, and know the pH of important body fluids.
11. Name the three chemical buffer systems and how they regulate pH.
12. Explain the function of the respiratory system in acid / base balance.
13. Explain the function of the kidneys in acid/base balance.
14. Define acidosis and alkalosis. Name a metabolic and respiratory cause for each.
15. Explain compensatory mechanisms for correcting acid/base imbalances.